Omid Khorasani; Morteza Chaji; Farshad Baghban
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 47-59
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ruminal pH-adjusting additives on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen - reticulum and liver tissues. Twenty-four Arabi male lambs with three to four months old and initial body weight of 23.9±3.15 kg were used in a completely randomized ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ruminal pH-adjusting additives on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen - reticulum and liver tissues. Twenty-four Arabi male lambs with three to four months old and initial body weight of 23.9±3.15 kg were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates in a period of 77 days. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet, control diet + sodium bicarbonate buffer (buffer), and control diet + Megasphaera elsdenii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bacterial- yeast). At the end of the experiment, lambs were slaughtered and samples were taken from the liver and gastrointestinal tract for tissue studies. Rumen-reticulum wall thickness in the buffer receiving lambs was greater than that of control group (p < 0.05). The thickness of the rumen-reticulum epithelium in the buffer and bacterial-yeast receiving lambs was less than the control group (p < 0.05). Rumen-reticulum papillae thickness was higher in control than other treatments (p < 0.05). The thickness of reticulum tunica muscularis in the buffer treatment was higher than other treatments (p < 0.05). Periportal hepatitis was seen mildly in the liver of bacterial- yeast receiving lambs. In according to the results of the present experiment, the use of pH regulators, especially bacterial-yeast, in lambs fed with high concentrate levels, in terms of histopathology, reduce tissue damages in the rumen- reticulum and liver and improve tissue structure of rumen-reticulum.
Yaghob Nozari; Morteza Chaji
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 475-485
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of using the vitex agnus-castus (vitex) leaves as an alternative for alfalfa hay in the diet of fattening male goat kids on the performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility of the nutrients and some blood parameters. The experimental ...
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The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of using the vitex agnus-castus (vitex) leaves as an alternative for alfalfa hay in the diet of fattening male goat kids on the performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility of the nutrients and some blood parameters. The experimental treatments were 1) control (without vitex) and 2) replacement of vitex leaves with 60% alfalfa hay in the control diet(equal to 18% of diet). Sixteen fattening male goat kids with the average weights of 18 ± 2 kg and ages of 4.5 months were randomly assigned to the two treatments and eight replications for 60 days. Feed consumption, weight changes and feed conversion ratio were measured every 15 days. Dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by theexperimental treatments in the entire experiment period. Compared to the control diet, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (P =0.08) and cholesterol (P =0.07) tend to decrease whereas blood glucose concentration (P=0.08) tend to increase in the kids fed with the diet containing vitex leaves. Ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH of the rumen liquor in treatment containing vitex leaves were significantly lower compared to the control group (P <0.05). Consequently, the vitex leaves can be used up to 18% of diet in the feeding of fattening male goat kids as an appropriate replacement for 60% of alfalfa hay without having the negative effects on their digestion and performance.
tahereh mohammadabadi; Khalil Mirzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 765-776
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of processing sesame straw with low steam pressure, sulfuric acid and enzyme mixture on digestibility and ruminal fermentation, protozoa population, rumination and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Twelve sheep were fed with control diet (without ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of processing sesame straw with low steam pressure, sulfuric acid and enzyme mixture on digestibility and ruminal fermentation, protozoa population, rumination and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Twelve sheep were fed with control diet (without sesame straw), diet containing sesame straw processed with 2.4 % sulfuric acid and low steam pressure at 130 °C for 120 minutes and 3 gr/kg DM enzyme, diet containing sesame straw processed by sulfuric acid and enzyme and diet containing sesame straw processed with water. The dry matter and organic matter intake, daily gain, feed conversion, apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF did not differ between treatments.The processing did not affect ammonia nitrogen, pH, and rumen protozoa species of sheep. Chewing, rumination and resting times were different between treatments and the greatest rumination time (491.67 minutes per day) was for processing with acid and enzyme (P<0.05). The eating, rumination and chewing time for dry matter, ADF and NDF, and blood glucose and urea of sheep were not different. Therefore, according to results of this experiment, sesame straw processed with water, processed with sulfuric acid and low steam pressure and enzymes and processed with acid and enzyme can be used at the expense of wheat straw in the sheep nutrition.
tahereh mohammadabadi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 789-802
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of oak kernel on digestibility, rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep and Najdi goat were investigated. In this research, oak kernel (63%) was used for feeding six Arabi sheep and six Najd goats with the mean live weight of 50 ± 3 Kg for 28 ...
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In this experiment, the effect of oak kernel on digestibility, rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep and Najdi goat were investigated. In this research, oak kernel (63%) was used for feeding six Arabi sheep and six Najd goats with the mean live weight of 50 ± 3 Kg for 28 days, and digestibility and fermentation, rumination and some blood parameters were measured. Obtained data were analyzed in split plots design. The results showed that dry matter intake and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were not affected by treatment and type of livestock. Regardless of the type of livestock, dry matter intake and crude protein digestibility in control treatment was significantly higher and regardless of the type of treatment, the digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of goat was higher than sheep (P<0.05). The ammonia nitrogen and pH of rumen between control and oak treatments for goats and sheep was almost the same. Time to eating, rumination and chewing for dry matter, NDF and crude protein between control and oak diets in sheep and goats was not different. Feeding the livestock with oak had no significant effect on the amount of blood glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol and triglycerides in sheep and goats. The results of this experiment showed that 63% oak fruit could be used in diet of Najd goat and Arabi sheep.
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 321-336
Abstract
The present experiment conducted to investigate the effect of processing broiler litter with different levels of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation, rumen fungi and bacteria growth using completely randomized design in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources ...
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The present experiment conducted to investigate the effect of processing broiler litter with different levels of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation, rumen fungi and bacteria growth using completely randomized design in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Dietary treatments were adding pomegranate peel extract to broiler litter at levels 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 percent of dietary dry matter (DM). The gas and potential of gas production were constant with increasing level of pomegranate peel extract up to 20 and 15 percent, respectively. Rate of gas production was similar between treatments, except for diets containing 20 and 35 percent of pomegranate peel extract which decreased significantly (P<0.05). Increasing the level of pomegranate peel extract decreased rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration, but increased partitioning factor, microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein compared to control diet (P<0.05). Highest and lowest two-step crude protein digestibility was observed in diets containing 15 and 35 percentage pomegranate peel extract, respectively (P<0.05). After three days incubation of diets in specific rumen bacteria medium with increasing level of pomegranate peel extract, DM digestibility and ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility in all of investigated times were constant by incubation of treatments containing pomegranate peel extract in specific rumen fungi medium. According to the results, processing of broiler litter with pomegranate peel extract up to 25 percent of dry matter has potential to improve nitrogen metabolism in ruminants without any negative effects on nutrients digestibility.
sadegh asadollahi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 99-115
Abstract
The effect of partial replacement of barley with sugar beet pulp (SBP) with and without roasted canola seeds (RCS) on the performance, morphology, VFA and digesta pH in the small intestine of finishing lambs was investigated. In this study 24 Arbia male lambs with average body weight of 23.7±2.5 ...
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The effect of partial replacement of barley with sugar beet pulp (SBP) with and without roasted canola seeds (RCS) on the performance, morphology, VFA and digesta pH in the small intestine of finishing lambs was investigated. In this study 24 Arbia male lambs with average body weight of 23.7±2.5 kg were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment over 84 days. Treatments were carbohydrate factor (barley or SBP) and roasted canola seed (with and without RCS). Partial replacement of barley with SBP significantly increased average daily gain (P < 0.05). Partial replacement of barley grain with SBP increased thickness of muscle, crypt depth and Brunner’s glands in duodenum and villus height, villous width, villus number, thickness of the epithelium, thickness of muscle, crypt depth and villous height to crypt depth in jejunum and villus height and thickness of muscle in ileum (p<0.05). Feeding lambs with diets containing RCS significantly increased Brunner’s glands,villus number and the thickness of the epithelium (P<0.05). Partial replacement of barely by SBP and adding RCS to diet increased significantly concentration individual VFA, total VFA and digesta pH in duodenum and jejunum. Based on the results, the performance of lambs improved as a result of partial replacement of barley with SBP and addition RCS to diets with high concentrate due to changes in the density of volatile fatty acids, digestive fluid pH of the small intestine and the development of the small intestine tissue morphology.
Morteza Chaji
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 719-728
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine chemical composition, and fermentation and digestion characteristics of black mulberry leaves, or diets content 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of it, by whole rumen microorganisms or rumen fungi. Dry matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, Ash and tannin of the black mulberry ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine chemical composition, and fermentation and digestion characteristics of black mulberry leaves, or diets content 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of it, by whole rumen microorganisms or rumen fungi. Dry matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, Ash and tannin of the black mulberry leaves was 96.5, 19.30, 36.82, 15.90, 9.31 and 0.30%, respectively. Partitioning factor, truly organic matter degradability, microbial biomass and microbial biomass efficiency in the black mulberry leaves were more than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). The gas production was increased by increasing amount of the black mulberry leaves, so that diet contains 30% of the black mulberry leaves had the hiegest gas production (P<0.05). The organic matter digestibility, cell wall degradability, metabolizable energy and short chain fatty acids of experimental diets increased by increasing the amount of the black mulberry leaves in diet (P<0.05). Therefore, the replacement of the alfalfa hay with black mulberry leaves in diet, has no negative effect on rumen microorganisms, especially isolated rumen fungi which are the digester of fiber and harsh parts of plants, and due to the higher protein and lower fiber contents of the black mulberry leaves, may be replaced it instead of alfalfa hay in fattening lamb diets.
Abbas Rajaei Rad; Mohsen Sari; Mohammad javad Zamiri; Morteza Chaji; Somayeh Salari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 431-445
Abstract
Palm date leaves were processed with lime in a processing reactor in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 × 3) with 3 levels of temperatures (40, 80 and 100°C) and time periods (80, 160, and 240 minutes) in a completely randomized design. Fermentation parameters measured using gas production ...
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Palm date leaves were processed with lime in a processing reactor in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 × 3) with 3 levels of temperatures (40, 80 and 100°C) and time periods (80, 160, and 240 minutes) in a completely randomized design. Fermentation parameters measured using gas production technique. With increasing pretreatment time and temperature lignin content reduced from 13.0 percent in untreated leaves to 6.0 percent in leaves treated in 100°C for 240 min. Increasing time and temperature of the processing decreased ash content (P<0.01). Calcium concentration was increased from 0.58 percent in untreated leaves to 0.94 in the processed biomass at a temperature of 40°C for 80 min (P<0.01). Interaction was significant among pretreatment time and temperature on cell wall, dry matter loss, gas production from fermentable fraction and gas production (P<0.01). Gas production at the end of 72 h incubation increased from 76.2 ml per gram of dry matter in untreated samples to 189.8 ml per gram of dry matter in the treatment of 100°C for 240 min. Organic matter digestibility increased with increasing severity of pretreatment from 26.5 percent in the treatment of 40°C for 80 min to 36.4 percent in the treatment of 100°C for 240 min. The images of scanning electron microscopy showed more pores and holes in pretreated samples with increasing temperature and processing time compared to untreated sample. Results indicated that lime pretreatment with heat can remove lignin and improve in vitro digestibility of date leaves.
Behrouz Yarahmadi; Morteza Chaji; Mohammad Boujarpour; Khalil Mirzadeh; Morteza Rezaei
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 447-459
Abstract
This experiment was carried out the aim of the effect of sainfoin forage and forage:concentrate ratios on feed intake, nitrogen balance,ruminal biohydrogenation and milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes using of eight Lori breed ewes according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments ...
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This experiment was carried out the aim of the effect of sainfoin forage and forage:concentrate ratios on feed intake, nitrogen balance,ruminal biohydrogenation and milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes using of eight Lori breed ewes according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were adjusted from one to four according to forage:concentrate ratios of 35:65 with and without sainfoin and 65:35 with and without sainfoin. Dry matter intake was not significant among experimental diets. Retention of N was higher in ewes that receiveddiets consist of forage:concentrate ratios of 35:65 with sainfoin and 65:35 with and without sainfoin (P<0.05). The high concentrate diet with sainfoinwas the most vaccenic acid concentration accompanied by the less concentrations of stearic acid in ruminal liquor (P<0.05). Apparently biohydrogenation ofhigh concentrate diet with sainfoin (treatment one) decreased for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid with 10.2, 12.3and 7.1%, respectively (P<0.05). Experimental diets effect were significant on vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acidconcentrationsin milk fat (P<0.05).In base onobtained the results,feeding of dairy ewes with high concentrate diets consist of sainfoin forage were an important due to increased conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid concentration in milk fat.
Shahin Nasimi Esfahani; Morteza Chaji; Tahereh Mohammadabadi; Mohammad Bojarpour
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 39-49
Abstract
The digestibility and fermentation parameters of the diets containing leaf, pod and seed of the Subabul tree in sheep was determined by using two steps digestion and gas production (GP) methods. The experimental diets consisted of 0.0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of the leaf, pod and seed of ...
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The digestibility and fermentation parameters of the diets containing leaf, pod and seed of the Subabul tree in sheep was determined by using two steps digestion and gas production (GP) methods. The experimental diets consisted of 0.0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of the leaf, pod and seed of the Subabul tree that were replaced with alfalfa in diets of sheep. Diets containing 50 percent seed of the Subabul had higher GP compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The highest true digestibility of organic matter in Subabul leaf was belonged to diet contains 100 percent leaf. The diet contain 100 percent had the highest partitioning factor (PF) and microbial biomass efficiency (P<0.05) compared to other levels of the Subabul pod. The digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF of diets contain the pod of the Subabul tree for all levels were less than control (P<0.05). There are no significant differences between digestibilities of NDF and ADF of diets contain up to 75 percent the leaf of the Subabul tree and others diets. Digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF was more than control diet (P<0.05) by increasing the amount of the seed of the Subabul tree in the diets (75 and 100 percent of the seed of the Subabul). According to the results, the leaf and seed of the Subabul can be replaced up to 100 percent with alfalfa in the diets of sheep without any negative effect on fermentation and digestion. The nutritional value of sheep diets can be improved by replacing the alfallfa with Subabul tree seeds.
Mohammad Reza Jamali; Mohammad Reza Ghorbami; Ahmad Tatar; Somayyeh Salari; Morteza Chaji
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Purslane powder and its effects on performance, egg quality and reproductive system parameters of laying hens. One hundred and twenty laying hens (Leghorn, Hy-Line W-36) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments ...
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Purslane powder and its effects on performance, egg quality and reproductive system parameters of laying hens. One hundred and twenty laying hens (Leghorn, Hy-Line W-36) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Hens received diet supplemented with different levels of Purslane powder (0, 1, 2 and 3 percent) for 8 weeks. The results of these expriments showed that gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber contents of Purslane samples were 2921.67 (Kcal/Kg DM), 22.28 (percent), 3.99 (percent) and 9.47 (percent) of DM, respectively. The AME and TME values of Purslane powder were 1864.70 and 1956.08 Kcal/Kg DM, respectively. Performance parameters of the laying hens were not affected by inclusion different levels of dietary Purslane powder in the diet. Shell strength, shell thickness, egg yolk color, ovary and oviduct weights, the number of large yellow follicles and the weight of largest follicle showed significant increase (P< 0.05) in treatments containing Purslane as compared to control group. According results of this experiment, use of Purslane powder in laying hens diet can improve quantitative traits of eggs and reproductive parameters. Therefore, Purslane powder can be used in the diets of laying hens at three percent.
Iran Khodadadi; Tahere Mohammadabadi; Morteza Chaji; Mohsen Sari
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 123-135
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg Atriplex forage) malva sylvestris on digestibility and microbial fermentation of Atriplex in one-humped camel. Fermentation parameters by gas production technique and in vitro digestibility by two-stage digestion were measured ...
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This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg Atriplex forage) malva sylvestris on digestibility and microbial fermentation of Atriplex in one-humped camel. Fermentation parameters by gas production technique and in vitro digestibility by two-stage digestion were measured by two years old female fistulated camels. Addition 40 and 60 mg/kg malva sylvestris increased gas produced from Atriplex forage (P<0.05). Gas production rate constant didn’t affect by malva sylvestris (P>0.05). Addition malva sylvestris (60 mg/kg) to Atriplex, significantly decreased partitioning factor, microbial biomass, the efficiency of microbial biomass and organic matter actually degradable (P<0.05). Addition of Malva sylvestris 40 and 60 mg/kg were significantly reduced medium pH (P<0.05). The compared with control the highest ammonia-nitrogen concentrations was for treatment containing 20 mg/kg malva sylvestris (11.37 mg/100 ml) (P<0.05). Also this treatment had the greatest NDF digestibility comparison to control (P<0.05). Adding malva sylvestris in 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg to Atriplex increased the protozoa population at 12 and 24 in comparison to control 48 h incubation (P<0.05). Species of Diplodinium camli, Diplodinium maggi, Epidinium ecudatum and Eudiplodinium maggi in treatments containing malva sylvestris were the highest. In conclusion, high fermentation malva sylvestris increase digestibility and gas production of Atriplex in one-humped camel diets.
Zeinab Yousefi; Tahereh Mohammadabadi; Morteza Chaji; Mohammad Bojarpour
Volume 16, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 31-41
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the digestibility and fermentation parameters of diets containing flower, pod with seed and leaf of siris in sheep by two-step digestion and gas production methods. The experimental diets were including zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of Siris flower, pod ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the digestibility and fermentation parameters of diets containing flower, pod with seed and leaf of siris in sheep by two-step digestion and gas production methods. The experimental diets were including zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of Siris flower, pod and leaf. The result showed that gas production potential of diet containing 50 percent leaf was greater than other treatments (P<0.05). Gas production rate of diet containing 75 percent flower showed significant increase compared with the other diets (P<0.05). Partitioning factor, microbial biomass, biomass efficiency were the greatest for diets containing 100 percent leaf and different levels of pod (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility of diets including different levels of siris leaf, 50 percent siris flower and 25 percent siris pod and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of diets including different levels of siris flower and 25 percent Siris pod were higher compared to control diet (P<0.05). The lowest concentration of ammonia nitrogen was belonged to diets containing 100 percent leaf and pod of Siris (P<0.05). It could be concluded that Siris leaf, flower and pod with seed of siris can be used instaed of alfalfa in sheep diet and increase digestibility and diet ruminal fermentation.